Critchley W, Brommer M, Tuyp W. 2004. World Water Wisdom Annotated Bibliography Indigenous Knowledge & Water.This annotated bibliography is a by-product of the project ‘Indigenous Knowledge and Water Interactions’. IKWI was funded by NUFFIC, the Netherlands Organisation for International Co-operation in Higher Education, and both implemented and supported in kind by the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam’s Centre for International Cooperation (VUA-CIS)1. The project was basically intended to pull together what is known/ has been written about the interface between indigenous knowledge and water, and to carry out some select case studies of local innovation in two countries, Kenya and India. One of the first products of this small research project was a conference paper which is annotated here: entry 88. An international workshop entitled ‘World Water Wisdom’ was held in Delft in February 2003 to present the research findings from Kenya (William Critchley) and India (Marit Brommer).

CIFOR. 2007. Towards Wellbeing in Forest Communities: A Sourcebook for Local Government. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.

This report gives an insight, for non-specialists in the field, into the wide range of problems concerning water development in tropical Africa. It deals with the mechanics of the hydrological cycle, the origins of the wide variations in rainfall, the potential for water resources development in pastoral areas and low-cost methods of exploiting these resources. Problems of water quality are also covered in outline. The final chapter makes recommendations, principally covering planning and operation and maintenance. Reference is made to recent advances in the field of water resources with examples taken mainly from anglophone countries in Africa.

Colfer, Carol J Pierce, ed. 2005. The Equitable Forest: Diversity, Community and Natural Resources. Washington, D.C.: RFF/CIFOR.

  Nowotny, H. 1995. The dynamics of innovation: On the Multiplicity of the New. Institute for Theory and Social Studies of Sciences, University of Vienna, ETH, Zürich. Collegium Budapest/Institute for Advanced StudyInaugural Lecture of Academic Year 1994/95 Delivered at Collegium Budapest. October 13, 1994. Public Lectures No. 12. January 1995. ISSN 1217 - 582X ISBN 963 8463 18 X. Collegium Budapest/Institute for Advanced Study, Budapest.Innovation has become a leading slogan for world economies, politicians and science policy-makers alike. It is the driving force of Western consumer societies that have come to expect the new to be replaced by the newest. But in contrast to mere fads and fashions, the consequences of relentless innovation are real. They manifest themselves in changes in life-style, in the ways societies function and in profound changes in outlook and perception. The lecture will ask how innovation became so central and wich mechanism sustain it in science and technology, art and humanities, in social and individual life. One consequence to be further explored is the relative loss in importance of the individual creative act, with implications how we view creativity, knowledge production and even the concept of the individual. Another question to be raised is that of the multiplicity of the new: despite the seeming diversity and multiplicity of options, is there also convergence or a process of synchronization at work?

The main objectives and expected outcomes of the workshop are to: identify priority research issues in land and water management research in Ethiopia identify priority capacity building needs related to land and water management in Ethiopia advise on the niche and roles of various partners in the research and capacity building programme, including the Ethiopian partners who must take the lead, IWMI, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), and other international and regional partners advise on the governance framework for partnership among the various parties and outline a resource mobilisation strategy to make it possible to implement the programme. We all agree that improved land and water management is essential for sustainable development and poverty reduction in many African countries including Ethiopia. Ethiopia has considerable research capacity already, but perhaps it is not always as effectively mobilised as it could be. The intention of the proposed long-term programme is to help mobilise and focus these capacities, and help Ethiopia further strengthen its research capacities and its policies and management strategies in natural resource management.

Hellin, J. and S. Higman. 2002. Smallholders and niche markets. Lessons from the Andes.AgRen Network Paper 118.Research in Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador focused on the extent to which producers of two widely traded crops, bananas and coffee, are able to take advantage of expanding global markets. In Ecuador, banana production is largely in the hands of independent producers while a handful of companies control the export trade. These companies have considerable influence on the prices paid to farmers. The majority of farmers are hardly able to cover their production costs. Coffee producers are confronted with a market where over-supply in recent years has led to a fall in coffee prices. The banana and coffee sectors demonstrate that smallholder producers often find themselves disempowered and unable to benefit from conventional commodity markets. Several non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are working with banana and coffee producers to tap into niche markets, which include organic, fair trade and gourmet markets. These offer greater benefits to farmers, by paying them a higher price for their produce, but demand new skills and forms of organisation.

Colfer, Carol J. Pierce. 2007. Simple Rules for Catalyzing Collective Action in Natural Resource Management Contexts. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.

Critchley W. 1999. Promoting Farmer Innovation, Harnessing local environmental knowledge in East Africa. Published in partnership between: UNDP - Office to Combat Desertification and Drought (UNSO/SEED/BDP) and Sida's Regional Land Management Unit.# This booklet has its origins in a programme entitled ‘Promoting Farmer Innovation’ (PFI) and specifically in a sub-regional workshop held under PFI, in Dodoma, Tanzania between 23 and 25 February 1999. The objectives of that workshop were given by Mr.Dumea, Head of the Soil Conservation and Land Use Planning Section of the Ministry of Agriculture, Tanzania as: to exchange experience between the three countries (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda);# to assess progress of PFI at its mid-term point;# to discuss specific issues, including: monitoring and evaluation, scaling up the programme, identification of farmer innovators, gender etc;# to assemble material for booklet on farmer innovation.The final objective is thus the basis for this booklet, which seeks to take the lessons of the programme so far, and to set these in the more general context of ‘farmer innovation’, for we believe that there is tremendous potential in using this untapped resource in the fields of research and development. Potential is a key word here: the project is young, and despite considerable early strides, and all round enthusiasm, it does not yet claim to have set out a cast-iron case. For example, though many fascinating and undoubtedly effective innovations have been uncovered, these have yet to be scientifically validated. Neither is the ‘vision’ complete: we are still working out how local innovation can best be harnessed. To what extent can the approach be integrated into on-going rural research and extension systems in Africa?

GonsalvesJ; Becker T; Braun A; Campilan D; De Chavez H; Fajber E; Kapiriri M; Rivaca-Caminade J;= and Vernooy R. (ed). Participatory Research and Development for Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management: a Sourcebook Three-volume Set. VOLUME 1: Understanding Participatory Research and Development. VOLUME 2: Enabling Participatory Research and Development. VOLUME 3: Doing Participatory Research and Development . International Potato Center - User's Perspectives with Agricultural Research and Development (CIP-UPWARD), Laguna, The Philippines and International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada.

Evans, Kristen, and Manuel R. Guariguata. 2008. Participatory Monitoring in Tropical Forest Management: A Review of Tools, Concepts and Lessons Learned. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR. 

This report, one of a series of three on livestock and water in Africa, defines the major agricultural production zones of tropical Africa with some account of the importance of land, livestock and water in each zone. Traditional and modern strategies used to overcome water shortages are discussed. The technical, administrative and environmental problems experienced in the past development of water supplies are then outlined as is the relationship between technology, equity, management and control. The implications of past experience for planning water development in the future are then considered. Proposals are made for future research which could lead to the formulation of improved policies and development programmes. An appendix gives a recommended nomenclature for the different kinds of water resources which could lead to greater precision and clarity in discussing water management.

Yuliani, Linda, Djuhendi Tadjudin, Yayan Indriatmoko, Dani Wahyu Munggoro, Farid Gaban, Firkan Maulana, and Hasantoha Adnan, eds. 2007. Multistakeholder Forestry: Steps to Change. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.

Yasmi, Yurdi. 2007. Institutionalization of Conflict Capability in the Management of Natural Resources: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Experience in Indonesia. Wageningen University, the Netherlands.

Buckles, D. 1999. Cultivating Peace: Conflict and Collaboration in Natural Resource Management. IDRC/World Bank. 300 pp (available in English, Spanish and French)While the dimensions, levels, and intensity of conflict can vary greatly, so too can the opportunities for conflict resolution. Cultivating Peace presents original case studies from Africa, Asia, and Latin America, interspersed with essays on the cultural dimensions of conflict, the meaning of stakeholder analysis, the impact of development interventions on peace and conflict, and the policy dimensions of conflict management. The case studies present important developing-world experience on moving from conflict to collaborative modes of management. The accompanying essays draw on the case studies, grounding theory in hard-won experience. This cross-fertilization of practical experience with conceptual insight creates a unique dialogue on lessons learned and identifies strategic gaps in our understanding of this complex and important issue.

Vermeulen, S. 2004 Biodiversity Planning: Why and how should local opinions matter? IIED Gatekeeper Series No. 115.Many planning processes for land management or natural resource management now include specific provisions for ‘biodiversity’. But biodiversity is a fuzzy concept, with different meanings for different people. Although progress has been made recently to elucidate and respect the immediate connections between biodiversity and the people who live with it, for example at the World Parks Congress in 2003 (WPC, 2003), to many people the concept of biodiversity remains tied up with conservation. Locally relevant biodiversity issues get much less attention – to the extent that biodiversity planning processes may not even know how to ask the right questions at the local level. This Gatekeeper provides basic guidance on the different facets and values of biodiversity and how these matter to different interest groups. Most emphasis is put on the level of communities who live with biodiversity, to point out some of the local contexts and choices that external agents may want or need to incorporate in biodiversity planning processes.

 Fisher, Robert, Ravi Prabhu and Cynthia McDougall, eds. 2007. Adaptive Collaborative Management of Community Forests in Asia: Experiences from Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines, Indonesia: CIFOR

Christie, P., D. Bradford, R. Garth, B. Gonzalez, M. Hostetler, O. Morales, R. Rigby, B. Simmons, E Tinkam, G, Vega, R. Vernooy, and N. White 2000. Taking Care of What We Have: Participatory Natural Resource Management on the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua. IDRC/CIDCA. ISBN 0-88936-925-9. 180 pp.Together, rapid population growth, increased commercialization and exploitation of aquatic resources, deforestation and pollution, and encroachments on communally owned resources by national and transnational private interests are placing the world's coastal regions under enormous pressure. One example is the Pearl Lagoon estuary, the main basin on the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua. This book provides detailed insight into the problems of the Pearl Lagoon and presents alternatives for more effective management of its natural resources. It documents a new approach to the study and future management of a complex resource system in a politically demanding environment. The authors argue for earlier and greater involvement of community groups. They emphasize the need for persistence and the importance of interdisciplinary research in developing sustainable solutions to natural-resource-management problems. Taking Care of What We Have will interest researchers, scholars, and students in natural resource management and development studies; donors, development organizations, and development practitioners working in the areas of natural resource management and participatory action research; and community leaders and NGOs in developing countries that work on natural-resource-management issues.

Kusumanto, Trikurnianti, Linda Yuliani, Phil Macoun, Yayan Indriatmoko, and Hasantoha Adnan. 2005. Learning to Adapt: Managing Forests Together in Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.

Cahyat, Ade, Christian Gönner, and Michaela Haug. 2007. Assessing Household Poverty and Wellbeing: A Manual with Examples from Kutai Barat, Indonesia. Bogor: CIFOR.