Johnson, N., N. Lilja and J. A. Ashby. 2000. Characterizing and measuring the effects of incorporating stakeholder participation in natural resource management research: Analysis of research benefits and costs in three case studies. Working Document No. 17. PRGA Program. Cali, Colombia. 132 pp.This study assesses the impacts of incorporating user participation and gender analysis in natural resource management research. Four types of benefits and/or costs are considered: (1) impact on the technology developed and its adoption, (2) strengthening of human and social capital among participating individuals and communities, (3) establishment or strengthening of feedback links to formal research, and (4) costs of research. A typology of participation at different stages of the research process is used to develop type- and stage- based hypothesis for each of these four impacts. The hypotheses are evaluated in the context of three participatory NRM research/development projects. The three projects are: the design and development of integrated crop management (ICM) sweetpotato technologies by the Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP) and partners in Indonesia (1994-97); participatory testing of legume based soil fertility technologies by the International Center for Research in the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in Malawi (1997-2000); and World Neighbors’ (WN) use of farmer experimentation to adapt and diffuse soil conservation practices in Honduras (1981-1989).

Lambrou, Y. 2001. A Typology: Participatory Research and Gender Analysis in Natural Resource Management Research. Working Document No. 15. PRGA Program. Cali, Colombia.