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Why this is important? Still a long way to go!! Why?FR1. Clarity of research purpose? (Two main objectives: Functional: -increasing efficiency Empowerment: - capacity building -social activism Issues: These objectives are not mutually exclusive They require different intensity of participation and capacities The clarity of these objectives determines expected outcomes- unclear outcomes make impact assessment difficult (Lilja et al 2004) Fuzziness or lack of clarity of these objectives may discourage research administrators to support PR Loading additional objectives along the way dilutes program focuszP[PPPZ2. Clarity of expected outcomes (*When transforming existing research program PR needs additional resources for: Executing farmer participation in the research cycle (joint planning diagnosis joint evaluation). Is it a costly affair? Cost-benefit analysis is essential Issues on impact assessment: Location specificity and number of beneficiaries Empowerment in terms of local capacity building faces the issue of cost effectiveness With certain conditions and through proper use of recommendation domain concept the potential number of beneficiary resource-poor households could be large. Conroy, Czech and Alistair Sutherland (2004). Out-scaling should be part of the research plan OP~PAPPOD 3$ 3. Human capacity(`The knowledge on field application of PR methods increased (PRA, PTE, PTD, FGD, Scoring, PPA, etc) Trainers remain few Many skills are lacking: facilitation, stakeholder analysis, process management, participatory priority setting, impact assessment and gender-focussed analysis Capacity building often not sufficiently considered in project designaPa Capacity building strategy:0 Include suffiencet resources in the project Formal training as well as on-the-job training Informal mentoring with in project implementation Follow-up crucial Organize experience sharing workshops across different projects^P" P2P" PPP@P]2@ 4. Organizational framework(TOrganizational learning defined as  a learning process at all levels of the organization (individual, group or system level) that allows a continuous transformation of the organisation in a direction that is increasingly satisfying to its stakeholders N.M. Dixon (1994). OL at the institute level is a pre-requisite for scaling out participatory research Top-down research management style is dominant There are cases where OL is recognized and experimented: for example in Uganda  LEARNING TOGETHER FOR CHANGE IN INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT (IAR4D) . Facilitation by: R. Hawkins, J. Hagmann, P. Kibwika, M.G. Nassuna-Musoke and R. Miiro. But still it is a matter largely avoided: The SSA CP recognized its importance but considered a secondary, not a main, output of the programPdPYW,dPd_ICARDA workshop participants and survey on capacity needs for institutionalizing PR: highlights``Management support was cited as the most important factor in institutionalizing PR Recognized PR innovators have emerged both at ICARDA and National Systems These innovators have no time to mentor and support other projects Institutional innovations (Participatory research interest group, e-circulation for information exchange, PPB facilitation is hosted at ICARDA) Out-scaling cases: PBB in Syria, Karkheh basin CP using INRM approachPFICARDA survey on capacity needs for institutionalizing PR: ConstraintsGG L the top-down culture in the region a transfer-of-technology culture; compartmentalized organizational structures; disinterest or resistance among researchers and research assistants; limited knowledge about participatory approaches among managers, researchers and extension staff; lack of or weak NGO and civil societies.  M" PM *5. Extension & civil society organizations++ Two critical points: Impact on the resource-poor farmers Location specific, resource-intensive -> Cost effectiveness? Out-scaling is essential for cost effectiveness Out-scaling PR can not be achieved by research alone Extension is without exception weak and lack motivation CSO are less developed in CWANA Weak extension and lack of CSOs can limit the multiplier effect neededNZZZT(  6. Coordination<Coordination is essential because modern PR calls for alliances with different stakeholders to address multiple dimensions of R&D in resource-poor farmers Coordination of multi-institutional cooperation can be problematic Effective ways of coordination among different stakeholders should be part of project design=Z=  $7. Rural infrastructure and services%%(Positive side: PR can reach out resource-poor farmers, mobilize their knowledge, adapt/develop innovations and initiate learning process Constraint: Lack of essential services and infrastructure hampers out-scaling results of successful PR Question: How can PR effectively mobilize local development to improve rural infrastructure and services? Value-chain approach is an attempt towards that. Is this research or development?Z{Z Z\Z ZZ{ \   !  3  8. FundingFunding constraints means leaner and meaner projects Projects should include significant capacity building component Donors should not expect more for less, the complexity of PR requires sustained funding for a medium term P  Conclusion (Advances are made in: involving resource-poor farmers in research Development of methods and knowledge Institutionalization and out-scaling of this approach requires: New funding strategy Capacity building Organizational learning Greater farmer-control of research agenda! Greater interaction with local administration Learning from on-going successful cases Impact assessment (wider context) for demonstrating evidencelPRP@PPR@  ` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> $(    6   `}  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0`  `  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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Clarity of research purpose? 2. Clarity of expected outcomes3. Human capacityCapacity building strategy:4. Organizational framework`ICARDA workshop participants and survey on capacity needs for institutionalizing PR: highlightsGICARDA survey on capacity needs for institutionalizing PR: Constraints+5. Extension & civil society organizations6. Coordination%7. Rural infrastructure and services 8. Funding Conclusion  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles#_F Guy MannersRdO)_WPicturesPowerPoint Document(CFSummaryInformation("  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz{|}~DocumentSummaryInformation8TCurrent User+  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles#_F Guy Manners